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1<appendix id="gfdl">
2<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
3<!-- - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) -->
4<!-- LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org" -->
5
6
7  <!-- sect1>
8    <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title -->
9
10    <para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>
11
12    <blockquote>
13      <para>Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1459 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
15Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
16of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
17    </blockquote>
18
19  <sect1 label="0">
20    <title>PREAMBLE</title>
21
22    <para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
23    or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
24    assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
25    with or without modifying it, either commercially or
26    noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
27    author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
28    being considered responsible for modifications made by
29    others.</para>
30
31    <para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
32    derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the
33    same sense.  It complements the GNU General Public License, which
34    is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
35
36    <para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
37    for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
38    a free program should come with manuals providing the same
39    freedoms that the software does.  But this License is not limited
40    to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
41    regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
42    printed book.  We recommend this License principally for works
43    whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
44  </sect1>
45
46  <sect1 label="1">
47    <title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
48
49    <para>This License applies to any manual or other work that
50    contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
51    distributed under the terms of this License.  The "Document",
52    below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the
53    public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>
54
55    <para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
56    containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
57    verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
58    language.</para>
59
60    <para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
61    section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
62    relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
63    Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
64    nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
65    (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
66    mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
67    The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
68    the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
69    philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
70    them.</para>
71
72    <para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
73    whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
74    in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
75    License.</para>
76
77    <para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
78    are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
79    notice that says that the Document is released under this
80    License.</para>
81
82    <para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
83    machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
84    is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed
85    and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text
86    editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
87    or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
88    is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
89    translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
90    formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
91    whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
92    modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is not
93    "Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>
94
95    <para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
96    plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
97    format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
98    standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
99    Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
100    can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
101    or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
102    available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
103    processors for output purposes only.</para>
104
105    <para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
106    itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly,
107    the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
108    For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
109    "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of
110    the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
111    text.</para>
112  </sect1>
113
114  <sect1 label="2">
115    <title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
116
117    <para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
118    either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
119    License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
120    License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
121    that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
122    License.  You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
123    control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
124    distribute.  However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
125    copies.  If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
126    must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>
127
128    <para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
129    above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
130  </sect1>
131
132  <sect1 label="3">
133    <title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
134
135    <para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more
136    than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
137    you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and
138    legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
139    cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must
140    also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
141    copies.  The front cover must present the full title with all
142    words of the title equally prominent and visible.  You may add
143    other material on the covers in addition.  Copying with changes
144    limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
145    Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
146    copying in other respects.</para>
147
148    <para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to
149    fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
150    reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
151    adjacent pages.</para>
152
153    <para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
154    numbering more than 100, you must either include a
155    machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
156    state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
157    computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
158    of the Document, free of added material, which the general
159    network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
160    charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the
161    latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
162    begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
163    this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
164    location until at least one year after the last time you
165    distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
166    retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
167
168    <para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
169    authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
170    number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
171    updated version of the Document.</para>
172  </sect1>
173
174  <sect1 label="4">
175    <title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
176
177    <para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
178    Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided
179    that you release the Modified Version under precisely this
180    License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the
181    Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
182    Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.  In addition,
183    you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
184
185    <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
186      <listitem><para>Use in the Title Page
187      (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
188      Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
189      there were any, be listed in the History section of the
190      Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version if
191      the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
192      </listitem>
193
194      <listitem><para>List on the Title Page,
195      as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
196      authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
197      together with at least five of the principal authors of the
198      Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
199      five).</para>
200      </listitem>
201
202      <listitem><para>State on the Title page
203      the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
204      publisher.</para>
205      </listitem>
206
207      <listitem><para>Preserve all the
208      copyright notices of the Document.</para>
209      </listitem>
210
211      <listitem><para>Add an appropriate
212      copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
213      copyright notices.</para>
214      </listitem>
215
216      <listitem><para>Include, immediately
217      after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
218      permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
219      License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
220      </listitem>
221
222      <listitem><para>Preserve in that license
223      notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
224      Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>
225      </listitem>
226
227      <listitem><para>Include an unaltered
228      copy of this License.</para>
229      </listitem>
230
231      <listitem><para>Preserve the section
232      entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating
233      at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
234      Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If there is no
235      section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
236      the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given
237      on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
238      Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
239      </listitem>
240
241      <listitem><para>Preserve the network
242      location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a
243      Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
244      locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
245      based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.  You
246      may omit a network location for a work that was published at
247      least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
248      publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
249      </listitem>
250
251      <listitem><para>In any section entitled
252      "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's
253      title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
254      each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
255      given therein.</para>
256      </listitem>
257
258      <listitem><para>Preserve all the
259      Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
260      in their titles.  Section numbers or the equivalent are not
261      considered part of the section titles.</para>
262      </listitem>
263
264      <listitem><para>Delete any section
265      entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section may not be included in
266      the Modified Version.</para>
267      </listitem>
268
269      <listitem><para>Do not retitle any
270      existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with
271      any Invariant Section.</para>
272      </listitem>
273    </orderedlist>
274   
275    <para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
276    or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
277    material copied from the Document, you may at your option
278    designate some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this,
279    add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
280    Version's license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any
281    other section titles.</para>
282
283    <para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it
284    contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
285    various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that
286    the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
287    definition of a standard.</para>
288
289    <para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
290    Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
291    end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one
292    passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
293    added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the
294    Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
295    previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
296    you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
297    replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
298    publisher that added the old one.</para>
299
300    <para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
301    this License give permission to use their names for publicity for
302    or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
303  </sect1>
304
305  <sect1 label="5">
306    <title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
307
308    <para>You may combine the Document with other documents released
309    under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
310    modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
311    all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
312    unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
313    combined work in its license notice.</para>
314
315    <para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
316    License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced
317    with a single copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with
318    the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
319    section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the
320    name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,
321    or else a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section
322    titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
323    the combined work.</para>
324
325    <para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
326    "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
327    entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
328    "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications".  You
329    must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>
330  </sect1>
331
332  <sect1 label="6">
333    <title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
334
335    <para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
336    other documents released under this License, and replace the
337    individual copies of this License in the various documents with a
338    single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
339    follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
340    the documents in all other respects.</para>
341
342    <para>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
343    and distribute it individually under this License, provided you
344    insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
345    follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
346    copying of that document.</para>
347  </sect1>
348
349  <sect1 label="7">
350    <title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
351   
352    <para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
353    separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
354    a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
355    Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
356    copyright is claimed for the compilation.  Such a compilation is
357    called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
358    other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
359    account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
360    derivative works of the Document.</para>
361
362    <para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
363    these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than
364    one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
365    may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
366    aggregate.  Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
367    aggregate.</para>
368  </sect1>
369
370  <sect1 label="8">
371    <title>TRANSLATION</title>
372
373    <para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
374    distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
375    4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires
376    special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
377    include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
378    to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may
379    include a translation of this License provided that you also
380    include the original English version of this License.  In case of
381    a disagreement between the translation and the original English
382    version of this License, the original English version will
383    prevail.</para>
384  </sect1>
385
386  <sect1 label="9">
387    <title>TERMINATION</title>
388   
389    <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
390    Document except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any
391    other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
392    Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
393    under this License.  However, parties who have received copies, or
394    rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
395    terminated so long as such parties remain in full
396    compliance.</para>
397  </sect1>
398
399  <sect1 label="10">
400    <title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
401
402    <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
403    versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
404    Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
405    version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
406    concerns.  See <ulink
407    url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>
408
409    <para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
410    version number.  If the Document specifies that a particular
411    numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to
412    it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
413    either of that specified version or of any later version that has
414    been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
415    If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
416    you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
417    Free Software Foundation.</para>
418  </sect1>
419
420  <sect1 label="">
421    <title>How to use this License for your documents</title>
422
423    <para>To use this License in a document you have written, include
424    a copy of the License in the document and put the following
425    copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>
426
427<blockquote><para>
428      Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
429      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
430      under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
431      or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
432      with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
433      Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
434      A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
435      Free Documentation License".
436</para></blockquote>
437
438    <para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
439    Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have
440    no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
441    "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover
442    Texts.</para>
443
444    <para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
445    code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
446    choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public
447    License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
448  </sect1>
449
450</appendix>
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