root / pykota / trunk / pykota / storages / sql.py @ 3292

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#
# PyKota : Print Quotas for CUPS
#
# (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Jerome Alet <alet@librelogiciel.com>
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# 
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# 
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
# $Id$
#
#

"""This module defines methods common to all relational backends."""

from pykota.storage import StorageUser, StorageGroup, StoragePrinter, \
                           StorageJob, StorageLastJob, StorageUserPQuota, \
                           StorageGroupPQuota, StorageBillingCode

class SQLStorage :
    def storageUserFromRecord(self, username, record) :
        """Returns a StorageUser instance from a database record."""
        user = StorageUser(self, username)
        user.ident = record.get("uid", record.get("userid", record.get("id")))
        user.LimitBy = record.get("limitby") or "quota"
        user.AccountBalance = record.get("balance")
        user.LifeTimePaid = record.get("lifetimepaid")
        user.Email = record.get("email")
        user.Description = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("description"))
        user.OverCharge = record.get("overcharge", 1.0)
        user.Exists = True
        return user
        
    def storageGroupFromRecord(self, groupname, record) :
        """Returns a StorageGroup instance from a database record."""
        group = StorageGroup(self, groupname)
        group.ident = record.get("id")
        group.LimitBy = record.get("limitby") or "quota"
        group.AccountBalance = record.get("balance")
        group.LifeTimePaid = record.get("lifetimepaid")
        group.Description = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("description"))
        group.Exists = True
        return group
        
    def storagePrinterFromRecord(self, printername, record) :
        """Returns a StoragePrinter instance from a database record."""
        printer = StoragePrinter(self, printername)
        printer.ident = record.get("id")
        printer.PricePerJob = record.get("priceperjob") or 0.0
        printer.PricePerPage = record.get("priceperpage") or 0.0
        printer.MaxJobSize = record.get("maxjobsize") or 0
        printer.PassThrough = record.get("passthrough") or 0
        if printer.PassThrough in (1, "1", "t", "true", "TRUE", "True") :
            printer.PassThrough = True
        else :
            printer.PassThrough = False
        printer.Description = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("description") or "") # TODO : is 'or ""' still needed ?
        printer.Exists = True
        return printer
        
    def setJobAttributesFromRecord(self, job, record) :    
        """Sets the attributes of a job from a database record."""
        job.ident = record.get("id")
        job.JobId = record.get("jobid")
        job.PrinterPageCounter = record.get("pagecounter")
        job.JobSize = record.get("jobsize")
        job.JobPrice = record.get("jobprice")
        job.JobAction = record.get("action")
        job.JobFileName = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("filename") or "") 
        job.JobTitle = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("title") or "") 
        job.JobCopies = record.get("copies")
        job.JobOptions = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("options") or "") 
        job.JobDate = record.get("jobdate")
        job.JobHostName = record.get("hostname")
        job.JobSizeBytes = record.get("jobsizebytes")
        job.JobMD5Sum = record.get("md5sum")
        job.JobPages = record.get("pages")
        job.JobBillingCode = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("billingcode") or "")
        job.PrecomputedJobSize = record.get("precomputedjobsize")
        job.PrecomputedJobPrice = record.get("precomputedjobprice")
        job.UserName = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("username"))
        job.PrinterName = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("printername"))
        if job.JobTitle == job.JobFileName == job.JobOptions == "hidden" :
            (job.JobTitle, job.JobFileName, job.JobOptions) = (_("Hidden because of privacy concerns"),) * 3
        job.Exists = True
        
    def storageJobFromRecord(self, record) :
        """Returns a StorageJob instance from a database record."""
        job = StorageJob(self)
        self.setJobAttributesFromRecord(job, record)
        return job
        
    def storageLastJobFromRecord(self, printer, record) :
        """Returns a StorageLastJob instance from a database record."""
        lastjob = StorageLastJob(self, printer)
        self.setJobAttributesFromRecord(lastjob, record)
        return lastjob
        
    def storageUserPQuotaFromRecord(self, user, printer, record) :
        """Returns a StorageUserPQuota instance from a database record."""
        userpquota = StorageUserPQuota(self, user, printer)
        userpquota.ident = record.get("id")
        userpquota.PageCounter = record.get("pagecounter")
        userpquota.LifePageCounter = record.get("lifepagecounter")
        userpquota.SoftLimit = record.get("softlimit")
        userpquota.HardLimit = record.get("hardlimit")
        userpquota.DateLimit = record.get("datelimit")
        userpquota.WarnCount = record.get("warncount") or 0
        userpquota.Exists = True
        return userpquota
        
    def storageGroupPQuotaFromRecord(self, group, printer, record) :
        """Returns a StorageGroupPQuota instance from a database record."""
        grouppquota = StorageGroupPQuota(self, group, printer)
        grouppquota.ident = record.get("id")
        grouppquota.SoftLimit = record.get("softlimit")
        grouppquota.HardLimit = record.get("hardlimit")
        grouppquota.DateLimit = record.get("datelimit")
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT SUM(lifepagecounter) AS lifepagecounter, SUM(pagecounter) AS pagecounter FROM userpquota WHERE printerid=%s AND userid IN (SELECT userid FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid=%s)" \
                      % (self.doQuote(printer.ident), self.doQuote(group.ident)))
        if result :
            grouppquota.PageCounter = result[0].get("pagecounter") or 0
            grouppquota.LifePageCounter = result[0].get("lifepagecounter") or 0
        grouppquota.Exists = True
        return grouppquota
        
    def storageBillingCodeFromRecord(self, billingcode, record) :
        """Returns a StorageBillingCode instance from a database record."""
        code = StorageBillingCode(self, billingcode)
        code.ident = record.get("id")
        code.Description = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("description") or "") # TODO : is 'or ""' still needed ?
        code.Balance = record.get("balance") or 0.0
        code.PageCounter = record.get("pagecounter") or 0
        code.Exists = True
        return code
        
    def createFilter(self, only) :    
        """Returns the appropriate SQL filter."""
        if only :
            expressions = []
            for (k, v) in only.items() :
                expressions.append("%s=%s" % (k, self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(v))))
            return " AND ".join(expressions)     
        return ""        
        
    def createOrderBy(self, default, ordering) :    
        """Creates a suitable ORDER BY statement based on a list of fieldnames prefixed with '+' (ASC) or '-' (DESC)."""
        statements = []
        if not ordering :
            ordering = default
        for field in ordering :    
            if field.startswith("-") :    
                statements.append("%s DESC" % field[1:])
            elif field.startswith("+") :
                statements.append("%s ASC" % field[1:])
            else :    
                statements.append("%s ASC" % field)
        return ", ".join(statements)    
        
    def extractPrinters(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all printer records."""
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "WHERE %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT * FROM printers %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractUsers(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all user records."""
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "WHERE %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT * FROM users %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractBillingcodes(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all billing codes records."""
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "WHERE %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT * FROM billingcodes %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractGroups(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all group records."""
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "WHERE %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+groups.id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT groups.*,COALESCE(SUM(balance), 0) AS balance, COALESCE(SUM(lifetimepaid), 0) as lifetimepaid FROM groups LEFT OUTER JOIN users ON users.id IN (SELECT userid FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid=groups.id) %(thefilter)s GROUP BY groups.id,groups.groupname,groups.limitby,groups.description ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractPayments(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all payment records."""
        startdate = extractonly.get("start")
        enddate = extractonly.get("end")
        for limit in ("start", "end") :
            try :
                del extractonly[limit]
            except KeyError :    
                pass
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "AND %s" % thefilter
        (startdate, enddate) = self.cleanDates(startdate, enddate)
        if startdate : 
            thefilter = "%s AND date>=%s" % (thefilter, self.doQuote(startdate))
        if enddate : 
            thefilter = "%s AND date<=%s" % (thefilter, self.doQuote(enddate))
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+payments.id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT username,payments.* FROM users,payments WHERE users.id=payments.userid %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractUpquotas(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all userpquota records."""
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "AND %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+userpquota.id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT users.username,printers.printername,userpquota.* FROM users,printers,userpquota WHERE users.id=userpquota.userid AND printers.id=userpquota.printerid %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractGpquotas(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all grouppquota records."""
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "AND %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+grouppquota.id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT groups.groupname,printers.printername,grouppquota.*,coalesce(sum(pagecounter), 0) AS pagecounter,coalesce(sum(lifepagecounter), 0) AS lifepagecounter FROM groups,printers,grouppquota,userpquota WHERE groups.id=grouppquota.groupid AND printers.id=grouppquota.printerid AND userpquota.printerid=grouppquota.printerid AND userpquota.userid IN (SELECT userid FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupsmembers.groupid=grouppquota.groupid) %(thefilter)s GROUP BY grouppquota.id,grouppquota.groupid,grouppquota.printerid,grouppquota.softlimit,grouppquota.hardlimit,grouppquota.datelimit,grouppquota.maxjobsize,groups.groupname,printers.printername ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractUmembers(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all user groups members."""
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "AND %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+groupsmembers.groupid", "+groupsmembers.userid"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT groups.groupname, users.username, groupsmembers.* FROM groups,users,groupsmembers WHERE users.id=groupsmembers.userid AND groups.id=groupsmembers.groupid %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractPmembers(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all printer groups members."""
        for (k, v) in extractonly.items() :
            if k == "pgroupname" :
                del extractonly[k]
                extractonly["p1.printername"] = v
            elif k == "printername" :
                del extractonly[k]
                extractonly["p2.printername"] = v
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "AND %s" % thefilter
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+printergroupsmembers.groupid", "+printergroupsmembers.printerid"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT p1.printername as pgroupname, p2.printername as printername, printergroupsmembers.* FROM printers p1, printers p2, printergroupsmembers WHERE p1.id=printergroupsmembers.groupid AND p2.id=printergroupsmembers.printerid %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
        
    def extractHistory(self, extractonly={}, ordering=[]) :
        """Extracts all jobhistory records."""
        startdate = extractonly.get("start")
        enddate = extractonly.get("end")
        for limit in ("start", "end") :
            try :
                del extractonly[limit]
            except KeyError :    
                pass
        thefilter = self.createFilter(extractonly)
        if thefilter :
            thefilter = "AND %s" % thefilter
        (startdate, enddate) = self.cleanDates(startdate, enddate)
        if startdate : 
            thefilter = "%s AND jobdate>=%s" % (thefilter, self.doQuote(startdate))
        if enddate : 
            thefilter = "%s AND jobdate<=%s" % (thefilter, self.doQuote(enddate))
        orderby = self.createOrderBy(["+jobhistory.id"], ordering)
        result = self.doRawSearch("SELECT users.username,printers.printername,jobhistory.* FROM users,printers,jobhistory WHERE users.id=jobhistory.userid AND printers.id=jobhistory.printerid %(thefilter)s ORDER BY %(orderby)s" % locals())
        return self.prepareRawResult(result)
            
    def filterNames(self, records, attribute, patterns=None) :
        """Returns a list of 'attribute' from a list of records.
        
           Logs any missing attribute.
        """   
        result = []
        for record in records :
            attrval = record.get(attribute, [None])
            if attrval is None :
                self.tool.printInfo("Object %s has no %s attribute !" % (repr(record), attribute), "error")
            else :
                attrval = self.databaseToUnicode(attrval)
                if patterns :
                    if (not isinstance(patterns, type([]))) and (not isinstance(patterns, type(()))) :
                        patterns = [ patterns ]
                    if self.tool.matchString(attrval, patterns) :
                        result.append(attrval)
                else :    
                    result.append(attrval)
        return result   
                
    def getAllBillingCodes(self, billingcode=None) :    
        """Extracts all billing codes or only the billing codes matching the optional parameter."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT billingcode FROM billingcodes")
        if result :
            return self.filterNames(result, "billingcode", billingcode)
        else :    
            return []
        
    def getAllPrintersNames(self, printername=None) :    
        """Extracts all printer names or only the printers' names matching the optional parameter."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT printername FROM printers")
        if result :
            return self.filterNames(result, "printername", printername)
        else :    
            return []
    
    def getAllUsersNames(self, username=None) :    
        """Extracts all user names."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT username FROM users")
        if result :
            return self.filterNames(result, "username", username)
        else :    
            return []
        
    def getAllGroupsNames(self, groupname=None) :    
        """Extracts all group names."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT groupname FROM groups")
        if result :
            return self.filterNames(result, "groupname", groupname)
        else :
            return []
        
    def getUserNbJobsFromHistory(self, user) :
        """Returns the number of jobs the user has in history."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM jobhistory WHERE userid=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident))
        if result :
            return result[0]["count"]
        return 0
        
    def getUserFromBackend(self, username) :    
        """Extracts user information given its name."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=%s"\
                      % self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(username)))
        if result :
            return self.storageUserFromRecord(username, result[0])
        else :    
            return StorageUser(self, username)
       
    def getGroupFromBackend(self, groupname) :    
        """Extracts group information given its name."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT groups.*,COALESCE(SUM(balance), 0.0) AS balance, COALESCE(SUM(lifetimepaid), 0.0) AS lifetimepaid FROM groups LEFT OUTER JOIN users ON users.id IN (SELECT userid FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid=groups.id) WHERE groupname=%s GROUP BY groups.id,groups.groupname,groups.limitby,groups.description" \
                      % self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(groupname)))
        if result :
            return self.storageGroupFromRecord(groupname, result[0])
        else :    
            return StorageGroup(self, groupname)
       
    def getPrinterFromBackend(self, printername) :        
        """Extracts printer information given its name."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM printers WHERE printername=%s" \
                      % self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(printername)))
        if result :
            return self.storagePrinterFromRecord(printername, result[0])
        else :    
            return StoragePrinter(self, printername)
        
    def getBillingCodeFromBackend(self, label) :        
        """Extracts a billing code information given its name."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM billingcodes WHERE billingcode=%s" \
                      % self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(label)))
        if result :
            return self.storageBillingCodeFromRecord(label, result[0])
        else :    
            return StorageBillingCode(self, label)
        
    def getUserPQuotaFromBackend(self, user, printer) :        
        """Extracts a user print quota."""
        if printer.Exists and user.Exists :
            result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM userpquota WHERE userid=%s AND printerid=%s;" \
                          % (self.doQuote(user.ident), self.doQuote(printer.ident)))
            if result :
                return self.storageUserPQuotaFromRecord(user, printer, result[0])
        return StorageUserPQuota(self, user, printer)
        
    def getGroupPQuotaFromBackend(self, group, printer) :        
        """Extracts a group print quota."""
        if printer.Exists and group.Exists :
            result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM grouppquota WHERE groupid=%s AND printerid=%s" \
                          % (self.doQuote(group.ident), self.doQuote(printer.ident)))
            if result :
                return self.storageGroupPQuotaFromRecord(group, printer, result[0])
        return StorageGroupPQuota(self, group, printer)
        
    def getPrinterLastJobFromBackend(self, printer) :        
        """Extracts a printer's last job information."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT jobhistory.id, jobid, userid, username, pagecounter, jobsize, jobprice, filename, title, copies, options, hostname, jobdate, md5sum, pages, billingcode, precomputedjobsize, precomputedjobprice FROM jobhistory, users WHERE userid=users.id AND jobhistory.id IN (SELECT max(id) FROM jobhistory WHERE printerid=%s)" % self.doQuote(printer.ident))
        if result :
            return self.storageLastJobFromRecord(printer, result[0])
        else :    
            return StorageLastJob(self, printer)
            
    def getGroupMembersFromBackend(self, group) :        
        """Returns the group's members list."""
        groupmembers = []
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM groupsmembers JOIN users ON groupsmembers.userid=users.id WHERE groupid=%s" % self.doQuote(group.ident))
        if result :
            for record in result :
                user = self.storageUserFromRecord(self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("username")), \
                                                  record)
                groupmembers.append(user)
                self.cacheEntry("USERS", user.Name, user)
        return groupmembers        
        
    def getUserGroupsFromBackend(self, user) :        
        """Returns the user's groups list."""
        groups = []
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT groupname FROM groupsmembers JOIN groups ON groupsmembers.groupid=groups.id WHERE userid=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident))
        if result :
            for record in result :
                groups.append(self.getGroup(self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("groupname"))))
        return groups        
        
    def getParentPrintersFromBackend(self, printer) :    
        """Get all the printer groups this printer is a member of."""
        pgroups = []
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT groupid,printername FROM printergroupsmembers JOIN printers ON groupid=id WHERE printerid=%s" % self.doQuote(printer.ident))
        if result :
            for record in result :
                if record["groupid"] != printer.ident : # in case of integrity violation
                    parentprinter = self.getPrinter(self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("printername")))
                    if parentprinter.Exists :
                        pgroups.append(parentprinter)
        return pgroups
        
    def getMatchingPrinters(self, printerpattern) :
        """Returns the list of all printers for which name matches a certain pattern."""
        printers = []
        # We 'could' do a SELECT printername FROM printers WHERE printername LIKE ...
        # but we don't because other storages semantics may be different, so every
        # storage should use fnmatch to match patterns and be storage agnostic
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM printers")
        if result :
            patterns = printerpattern.split(",")
            try :
                patdict = {}.fromkeys(patterns)
            except AttributeError :    
                # Python v2.2 or earlier
                patdict = {}
                for p in patterns :
                    patdict[p] = None
            for record in result :
                pname = self.databaseToUnicode(record["printername"])
                if patdict.has_key(pname) or self.tool.matchString(pname, patterns) :
                    printer = self.storagePrinterFromRecord(pname, record)
                    printers.append(printer)
                    self.cacheEntry("PRINTERS", printer.Name, printer)
        return printers        
        
    def getMatchingUsers(self, userpattern) :
        """Returns the list of all users for which name matches a certain pattern."""
        users = []
        # We 'could' do a SELECT username FROM users WHERE username LIKE ...
        # but we don't because other storages semantics may be different, so every
        # storage should use fnmatch to match patterns and be storage agnostic
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM users")
        if result :
            patterns = userpattern.split(",")
            try :
                patdict = {}.fromkeys(patterns)
            except AttributeError :    
                # Python v2.2 or earlier
                patdict = {}
                for p in patterns :
                    patdict[p] = None
            for record in result :
                uname = self.databaseToUnicode(record["username"])
                if patdict.has_key(uname) or self.tool.matchString(uname, patterns) :
                    user = self.storageUserFromRecord(uname, record)
                    users.append(user)
                    self.cacheEntry("USERS", user.Name, user)
        return users        
        
    def getMatchingGroups(self, grouppattern) :
        """Returns the list of all groups for which name matches a certain pattern."""
        groups = []
        # We 'could' do a SELECT groupname FROM groups WHERE groupname LIKE ...
        # but we don't because other storages semantics may be different, so every
        # storage should use fnmatch to match patterns and be storage agnostic
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT groups.*,COALESCE(SUM(balance), 0.0) AS balance, COALESCE(SUM(lifetimepaid), 0.0) AS lifetimepaid FROM groups LEFT OUTER JOIN users ON users.id IN (SELECT userid FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid=groups.id) GROUP BY groups.id,groups.groupname,groups.limitby,groups.description")
        if result :
            patterns = grouppattern.split(",")
            try :
                patdict = {}.fromkeys(patterns)
            except AttributeError :    
                # Python v2.2 or earlier
                patdict = {}
                for p in patterns :
                    patdict[p] = None
            for record in result :
                gname = self.databaseToUnicode(record["groupname"])
                if patdict.has_key(gname) or self.tool.matchString(gname, patterns) :
                    group = self.storageGroupFromRecord(gname, record)
                    groups.append(group)
                    self.cacheEntry("GROUPS", group.Name, group)
        return groups        
        
    def getMatchingBillingCodes(self, billingcodepattern) :
        """Returns the list of all billing codes for which the label matches a certain pattern."""
        codes = []
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT * FROM billingcodes")
        if result :
            patterns = billingcodepattern.split(",")
            try :
                patdict = {}.fromkeys(patterns)
            except AttributeError :    
                # Python v2.2 or earlier
                patdict = {}
                for p in patterns :
                    patdict[p] = None
            for record in result :
                codename = self.databaseToUnicode(record["billingcode"])
                if patdict.has_key(codename) or self.tool.matchString(codename, patterns) :
                    code = self.storageBillingCodeFromRecord(codename, record)
                    codes.append(code)
                    self.cacheEntry("BILLINGCODES", code.BillingCode, code)
        return codes        
        
    def getPrinterUsersAndQuotas(self, printer, names=["*"]) :        
        """Returns the list of users who uses a given printer, along with their quotas."""
        usersandquotas = []
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT users.id as uid,username,description,balance,lifetimepaid,limitby,email,overcharge,userpquota.id,lifepagecounter,pagecounter,softlimit,hardlimit,datelimit,warncount FROM users JOIN userpquota ON users.id=userpquota.userid AND printerid=%s ORDER BY username ASC" % self.doQuote(printer.ident))
        if result :
            for record in result :
                uname = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("username"))
                if self.tool.matchString(uname, names) :
                    user = self.storageUserFromRecord(uname, record)
                    userpquota = self.storageUserPQuotaFromRecord(user, printer, record)
                    usersandquotas.append((user, userpquota))
                    self.cacheEntry("USERS", user.Name, user)
                    self.cacheEntry("USERPQUOTAS", "%s@%s" % (user.Name, printer.Name), userpquota)
        return usersandquotas
                
    def getPrinterGroupsAndQuotas(self, printer, names=["*"]) :        
        """Returns the list of groups which uses a given printer, along with their quotas."""
        groupsandquotas = []
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT groupname FROM groups JOIN grouppquota ON groups.id=grouppquota.groupid AND printerid=%s ORDER BY groupname ASC" % self.doQuote(printer.ident))
        if result :
            for record in result :
                gname = self.databaseToUnicode(record.get("groupname"))
                if self.tool.matchString(gname, names) :
                    group = self.getGroup(gname)
                    grouppquota = self.getGroupPQuota(group, printer)
                    groupsandquotas.append((group, grouppquota))
        return groupsandquotas
        
    def addPrinter(self, printer) :        
        """Adds a printer to the quota storage, returns the old value if it already exists."""
        oldentry = self.getPrinter(printer.Name)
        if oldentry.Exists :
            return oldentry
        self.doModify("INSERT INTO printers (printername, passthrough, maxjobsize, description, priceperpage, priceperjob) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" \
                          % (self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(printer.Name)), \
                             self.doQuote((printer.PassThrough and "t") or "f"), \
                             self.doQuote(printer.MaxJobSize or 0), \
                             self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(printer.Description)), \
                             self.doQuote(printer.PricePerPage or 0.0), \
                             self.doQuote(printer.PricePerJob or 0.0)))
        printer.isDirty = False
        return None # the entry created doesn't need further modification
        
    def addBillingCode(self, bcode) :
        """Adds a billing code to the quota storage, returns the old value if it already exists."""
        oldentry = self.getBillingCode(bcode.BillingCode)
        if oldentry.Exists :
            return oldentry
        self.doModify("INSERT INTO billingcodes (billingcode, balance, pagecounter, description) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)" \
                           % (self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(bcode.BillingCode)), 
                              self.doQuote(bcode.Balance or 0.0), \
                              self.doQuote(bcode.PageCounter or 0), \
                              self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(bcode.Description))))
        bcode.isDirty = False
        return None # the entry created doesn't need further modification
        
    def addUser(self, user) :        
        """Adds a user to the quota storage, returns the old value if it already exists."""
        oldentry = self.getUser(user.Name)
        if oldentry.Exists :
            return oldentry
        self.doModify("INSERT INTO users (username, limitby, balance, lifetimepaid, email, overcharge, description) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" % \
                                     (self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(user.Name)), \
                                      self.doQuote(user.LimitBy or 'quota'), \
                                      self.doQuote(user.AccountBalance or 0.0), \
                                      self.doQuote(user.LifeTimePaid or 0.0), \
                                      self.doQuote(user.Email), \
                                      self.doQuote(user.OverCharge), \
                                      self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(user.Description))))
        if user.PaymentsBacklog :
            for (value, comment) in user.PaymentsBacklog :
                self.writeNewPayment(user, value, comment)
            user.PaymentsBacklog = []
        user.isDirty = False
        return None # the entry created doesn't need further modification
        
    def addGroup(self, group) :        
        """Adds a group to the quota storage, returns the old value if it already exists."""
        oldentry = self.getGroup(group.Name)
        if oldentry.Exists :
            return oldentry
        self.doModify("INSERT INTO groups (groupname, limitby, description) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)" % \
                              (self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(group.Name)), \
                               self.doQuote(group.LimitBy or "quota"), \
                               self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(group.Description))))
        group.isDirty = False
        return None # the entry created doesn't need further modification

    def addUserToGroup(self, user, group) :    
        """Adds an user to a group."""
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT COUNT(*) AS mexists FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid=%s AND userid=%s" % (self.doQuote(group.ident), self.doQuote(user.ident)))
        try :
            mexists = int(result[0].get("mexists"))
        except (IndexError, TypeError) :    
            mexists = 0
        if not mexists :    
            self.doModify("INSERT INTO groupsmembers (groupid, userid) VALUES (%s, %s)" % (self.doQuote(group.ident), self.doQuote(user.ident)))
            
    def delUserFromGroup(self, user, group) :    
        """Removes an user from a group."""
        self.doModify("DELETE FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid=%s AND userid=%s" % \
                       (self.doQuote(group.ident), self.doQuote(user.ident)))
            
    def addUserPQuota(self, upq) :
        """Initializes a user print quota on a printer."""
        oldentry = self.getUserPQuota(upq.User, upq.Printer)
        if oldentry.Exists :
            return oldentry
        self.doModify("INSERT INTO userpquota (userid, printerid, softlimit, hardlimit, warncount, datelimit, pagecounter, lifepagecounter, maxjobsize) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" \
                          % (self.doQuote(upq.User.ident), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.Printer.ident), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.SoftLimit), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.HardLimit), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.WarnCount or 0), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.DateLimit), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.PageCounter or 0), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.LifePageCounter or 0), \
                             self.doQuote(upq.MaxJobSize)))
        upq.isDirty = False
        return None # the entry created doesn't need further modification
        
    def addGroupPQuota(self, gpq) :
        """Initializes a group print quota on a printer."""
        oldentry = self.getGroupPQuota(gpq.Group, gpq.Printer)
        if oldentry.Exists :
            return oldentry
        self.doModify("INSERT INTO grouppquota (groupid, printerid, softlimit, hardlimit, datelimit, maxjobsize) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" \
                          % (self.doQuote(gpq.Group.ident), \
                             self.doQuote(gpq.Printer.ident), \
                             self.doQuote(gpq.SoftLimit), \
                             self.doQuote(gpq.HardLimit), \
                             self.doQuote(gpq.DateLimit), \
                             self.doQuote(gpq.MaxJobSize)))
        gpq.isDirty = False
        return None # the entry created doesn't need further modification
        
    def savePrinter(self, printer) :    
        """Saves the printer to the database in a single operation."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE printers SET passthrough=%s, maxjobsize=%s, description=%s, priceperpage=%s, priceperjob=%s WHERE id=%s" \
                              % (self.doQuote((printer.PassThrough and "t") or "f"), \
                                 self.doQuote(printer.MaxJobSize or 0), \
                                 self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(printer.Description)), \
                                 self.doQuote(printer.PricePerPage or 0.0), \
                                 self.doQuote(printer.PricePerJob or 0.0), \
                                 self.doQuote(printer.ident)))
                                 
    def saveUser(self, user) :        
        """Saves the user to the database in a single operation."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE users SET limitby=%s, balance=%s, lifetimepaid=%s, email=%s, overcharge=%s, description=%s WHERE id=%s" \
                               % (self.doQuote(user.LimitBy or 'quota'), \
                                  self.doQuote(user.AccountBalance or 0.0), \
                                  self.doQuote(user.LifeTimePaid or 0.0), \
                                  self.doQuote(user.Email), \
                                  self.doQuote(user.OverCharge), \
                                  self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(user.Description)), \
                                  self.doQuote(user.ident)))
                                  
    def saveGroup(self, group) :        
        """Saves the group to the database in a single operation."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE groups SET limitby=%s, description=%s WHERE id=%s" \
                               % (self.doQuote(group.LimitBy or 'quota'), \
                                  self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(group.Description)), \
                                  self.doQuote(group.ident)))
        
    def writeUserPQuotaDateLimit(self, userpquota, datelimit) :    
        """Sets the date limit permanently for a user print quota."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE userpquota SET datelimit=%s WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(datelimit), self.doQuote(userpquota.ident)))
            
    def writeGroupPQuotaDateLimit(self, grouppquota, datelimit) :    
        """Sets the date limit permanently for a group print quota."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE grouppquota SET datelimit=%s WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(datelimit), self.doQuote(grouppquota.ident)))
        
    def increaseUserPQuotaPagesCounters(self, userpquota, nbpages) :    
        """Increase page counters for a user print quota."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE userpquota SET pagecounter=pagecounter + %s,lifepagecounter=lifepagecounter + %s WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(nbpages), self.doQuote(nbpages), self.doQuote(userpquota.ident)))
       
    def saveBillingCode(self, bcode) :    
        """Saves the billing code to the database."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE billingcodes SET balance=%s, pagecounter=%s, description=%s WHERE id=%s" \
                            % (self.doQuote(bcode.Balance or 0.0), \
                               self.doQuote(bcode.PageCounter or 0), \
                               self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(bcode.Description)), \
                               self.doQuote(bcode.ident)))
       
    def consumeBillingCode(self, bcode, pagecounter, balance) :
        """Consumes from a billing code."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE billingcodes SET balance=balance + %s, pagecounter=pagecounter + %s WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(balance), self.doQuote(pagecounter), self.doQuote(bcode.ident)))
       
    def refundJob(self, jobident) :   
        """Marks a job as refunded in the history."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE jobhistory SET action='REFUND' WHERE id=%s;" % self.doQuote(jobident))
        
    def decreaseUserAccountBalance(self, user, amount) :    
        """Decreases user's account balance from an amount."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE users SET balance=balance - %s WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(amount), self.doQuote(user.ident)))
       
    def writeNewPayment(self, user, amount, comment="") :
        """Adds a new payment to the payments history."""
        if user.ident is not None :
            self.doModify("INSERT INTO payments (userid, amount, description) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)" % (self.doQuote(user.ident), self.doQuote(amount), self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(comment))))
        else :    
            self.doModify("INSERT INTO payments (userid, amount, description) VALUES ((SELECT id FROM users WHERE username=%s), %s, %s)" % (self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(user.Name)), self.doQuote(amount), self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(comment))))
        
    def writeLastJobSize(self, lastjob, jobsize, jobprice) :        
        """Sets the last job's size permanently."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE jobhistory SET jobsize=%s, jobprice=%s WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(jobsize), self.doQuote(jobprice), self.doQuote(lastjob.ident)))
        
    def writeJobNew(self, printer, user, jobid, pagecounter, action, jobsize=None, jobprice=None, filename=None, title=None, copies=None, options=None, clienthost=None, jobsizebytes=None, jobmd5sum=None, jobpages=None, jobbilling=None, precomputedsize=None, precomputedprice=None) :
        """Adds a job in a printer's history."""
        if self.privacy :    
            # For legal reasons, we want to hide the title, filename and options
            title = filename = options = "hidden"
        filename = self.unicodeToDatabase(filename)
        title = self.unicodeToDatabase(title)
        options = self.unicodeToDatabase(options)
        jobbilling = self.unicodeToDatabase(jobbilling)
        if (not self.disablehistory) or (not printer.LastJob.Exists) :
            if jobsize is not None :
                self.doModify("INSERT INTO jobhistory (userid, printerid, jobid, pagecounter, action, jobsize, jobprice, filename, title, copies, options, hostname, jobsizebytes, md5sum, pages, billingcode, precomputedjobsize, precomputedjobprice) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" % (self.doQuote(user.ident), self.doQuote(printer.ident), self.doQuote(jobid), self.doQuote(pagecounter), self.doQuote(action), self.doQuote(jobsize), self.doQuote(jobprice), self.doQuote(filename), self.doQuote(title), self.doQuote(copies), self.doQuote(options), self.doQuote(clienthost), self.doQuote(jobsizebytes), self.doQuote(jobmd5sum), self.doQuote(jobpages), self.doQuote(jobbilling), self.doQuote(precomputedsize), self.doQuote(precomputedprice)))
            else :    
                self.doModify("INSERT INTO jobhistory (userid, printerid, jobid, pagecounter, action, filename, title, copies, options, hostname, jobsizebytes, md5sum, pages, billingcode, precomputedjobsize, precomputedjobprice) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" % (self.doQuote(user.ident), self.doQuote(printer.ident), self.doQuote(jobid), self.doQuote(pagecounter), self.doQuote(action), self.doQuote(filename), self.doQuote(title), self.doQuote(copies), self.doQuote(options), self.doQuote(clienthost), self.doQuote(jobsizebytes), self.doQuote(jobmd5sum), self.doQuote(jobpages), self.doQuote(jobbilling), self.doQuote(precomputedsize), self.doQuote(precomputedprice)))
        else :        
            # here we explicitly want to reset jobsize to NULL if needed
            self.doModify("UPDATE jobhistory SET userid=%s, jobid=%s, pagecounter=%s, action=%s, jobsize=%s, jobprice=%s, filename=%s, title=%s, copies=%s, options=%s, hostname=%s, jobsizebytes=%s, md5sum=%s, pages=%s, billingcode=%s, precomputedjobsize=%s, precomputedjobprice=%s, jobdate=now() WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(user.ident), self.doQuote(jobid), self.doQuote(pagecounter), self.doQuote(action), self.doQuote(jobsize), self.doQuote(jobprice), self.doQuote(filename), self.doQuote(title), self.doQuote(copies), self.doQuote(options), self.doQuote(clienthost), self.doQuote(jobsizebytes), self.doQuote(jobmd5sum), self.doQuote(jobpages), self.doQuote(jobbilling), self.doQuote(precomputedsize), self.doQuote(precomputedprice), self.doQuote(printer.LastJob.ident)))
            
    def saveUserPQuota(self, userpquota) :
        """Saves an user print quota entry."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE userpquota SET softlimit=%s, hardlimit=%s, warncount=%s, datelimit=%s, pagecounter=%s, lifepagecounter=%s, maxjobsize=%s WHERE id=%s" \
                              % (self.doQuote(userpquota.SoftLimit), \
                                 self.doQuote(userpquota.HardLimit), \
                                 self.doQuote(userpquota.WarnCount or 0), \
                                 self.doQuote(userpquota.DateLimit), \
                                 self.doQuote(userpquota.PageCounter or 0), \
                                 self.doQuote(userpquota.LifePageCounter or 0), \
                                 self.doQuote(userpquota.MaxJobSize), \
                                 self.doQuote(userpquota.ident)))
        
    def writeUserPQuotaWarnCount(self, userpquota, warncount) :
        """Sets the warn counter value for a user quota."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE userpquota SET warncount=%s WHERE id=%s" % (self.doQuote(warncount), self.doQuote(userpquota.ident)))
        
    def increaseUserPQuotaWarnCount(self, userpquota) :
        """Increases the warn counter value for a user quota."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE userpquota SET warncount=warncount+1 WHERE id=%s" % self.doQuote(userpquota.ident))
        
    def saveGroupPQuota(self, grouppquota) :
        """Saves a group print quota entry."""
        self.doModify("UPDATE grouppquota SET softlimit=%s, hardlimit=%s, datelimit=%s WHERE id=%s" \
                              % (self.doQuote(grouppquota.SoftLimit), \
                                 self.doQuote(grouppquota.HardLimit), \
                                 self.doQuote(grouppquota.DateLimit), \
                                 self.doQuote(grouppquota.ident)))

    def writePrinterToGroup(self, pgroup, printer) :
        """Puts a printer into a printer group."""
        children = []
        result = self.doSearch("SELECT printerid FROM printergroupsmembers WHERE groupid=%s" % self.doQuote(pgroup.ident))
        if result :
            for record in result :
                children.append(record.get("printerid")) # TODO : put this into the database integrity rules
        if printer.ident not in children :        
            self.doModify("INSERT INTO printergroupsmembers (groupid, printerid) VALUES (%s, %s)" % (self.doQuote(pgroup.ident), self.doQuote(printer.ident)))
        
    def removePrinterFromGroup(self, pgroup, printer) :
        """Removes a printer from a printer group."""
        self.doModify("DELETE FROM printergroupsmembers WHERE groupid=%s AND printerid=%s" % (self.doQuote(pgroup.ident), self.doQuote(printer.ident)))
        
    def retrieveHistory(self, user=None, printer=None, hostname=None, billingcode=None, jobid=None, limit=100, start=None, end=None) :
        """Retrieves all print jobs for user on printer (or all) between start and end date, limited to first 100 results."""
        query = "SELECT jobhistory.*,username,printername FROM jobhistory,users,printers WHERE users.id=userid AND printers.id=printerid"
        where = []
        if user is not None : # user.ident is None anyway if user doesn't exist
            where.append("userid=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident))
        if printer is not None : # printer.ident is None anyway if printer doesn't exist
            where.append("printerid=%s" % self.doQuote(printer.ident))
        if hostname is not None :    
            where.append("hostname=%s" % self.doQuote(hostname))
        if billingcode is not None :    
            where.append("billingcode=%s" % self.doQuote(self.unicodeToDatabase(billingcode)))
        if jobid is not None :    
            where.append("jobid=%s" % self.doQuote(jobid)) # TODO : jobid is text, so self.unicodeToDatabase(jobid) but do all of them as well.
        if start is not None :    
            where.append("jobdate>=%s" % self.doQuote(start))
        if end is not None :    
            where.append("jobdate<=%s" % self.doQuote(end))
        if where :    
            query += " AND %s" % " AND ".join(where)
        query += " ORDER BY jobhistory.id DESC"
        if limit :
            query += " LIMIT %s" % self.doQuote(int(limit))
        jobs = []    
        result = self.doSearch(query)    
        if result :
            for fields in result :
                job = self.storageJobFromRecord(fields)
                jobs.append(job)
        return jobs
        
    def deleteUser(self, user) :    
        """Completely deletes an user from the database."""
        # TODO : What should we do if we delete the last person who used a given printer ?
        # TODO : we can't reassign the last job to the previous one, because next user would be
        # TODO : incorrectly charged (overcharged).
        for q in [ 
                    "DELETE FROM payments WHERE userid=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident),
                    "DELETE FROM groupsmembers WHERE userid=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident),
                    "DELETE FROM jobhistory WHERE userid=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident),
                    "DELETE FROM userpquota WHERE userid=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident),
                    "DELETE FROM users WHERE id=%s" % self.doQuote(user.ident),
                  ] :
            self.doModify(q)
            
    def multipleQueriesInTransaction(self, queries) :        
        """Does many modifications in a single transaction."""
        self.beginTransaction()
        try :
            for q in queries :
                self.doModify(q)
        except :    
            self.rollbackTransaction()
            raise
        else :    
            self.commitTransaction()
            
    def deleteManyBillingCodes(self, billingcodes) :        
        """Deletes many billing codes."""
        codeids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(b.ident) for b in billingcodes])
        if codeids :
            self.multipleQueriesInTransaction([ 
                    "DELETE FROM billingcodes WHERE id IN (%s)" % codeids,])
            
    def deleteManyUsers(self, users) :        
        """Deletes many users."""
        userids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(u.ident) for u in users])
        if userids :
            self.multipleQueriesInTransaction([ 
                    "DELETE FROM payments WHERE userid IN (%s)" % userids,
                    "DELETE FROM groupsmembers WHERE userid IN (%s)" % userids,
                    "DELETE FROM jobhistory WHERE userid IN (%s)" % userids,
                    "DELETE FROM userpquota WHERE userid IN (%s)" % userids,
                    "DELETE FROM users WHERE id IN (%s)" % userids,])
                    
    def deleteManyGroups(self, groups) :        
        """Deletes many groups."""
        groupids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(g.ident) for g in groups])
        if groupids :
            self.multipleQueriesInTransaction([ 
                    "DELETE FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid IN (%s)" % groupids,
                    "DELETE FROM grouppquota WHERE groupid IN (%s)" % groupids,
                    "DELETE FROM groups WHERE id IN (%s)" % groupids,])
        
    def deleteManyPrinters(self, printers) :
        """Deletes many printers."""
        printerids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(p.ident) for p in printers])
        if printerids :
            self.multipleQueriesInTransaction([ 
                    "DELETE FROM printergroupsmembers WHERE groupid IN (%s) OR printerid IN (%s)" % (printerids, printerids),
                    "DELETE FROM jobhistory WHERE printerid IN (%s)" % printerids,
                    "DELETE FROM grouppquota WHERE printerid IN (%s)" % printerids,
                    "DELETE FROM userpquota WHERE printerid IN (%s)" % printerids,
                    "DELETE FROM printers WHERE id IN (%s)" % printerids,])
        
    def deleteManyUserPQuotas(self, printers, users) :        
        """Deletes many user print quota entries."""
        printerids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(p.ident) for p in printers])
        userids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(u.ident) for u in users])
        if userids and printerids :
            self.multipleQueriesInTransaction([ 
                    "DELETE FROM jobhistory WHERE userid IN (%s) AND printerid IN (%s)" \
                                 % (userids, printerids),
                    "DELETE FROM userpquota WHERE userid IN (%s) AND printerid IN (%s)" \
                                 % (userids, printerids),])
            
    def deleteManyGroupPQuotas(self, printers, groups) :
        """Deletes many group print quota entries."""
        printerids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(p.ident) for p in printers])
        groupids = ", ".join(["%s" % self.doQuote(g.ident) for g in groups])
        if groupids and printerids :
            self.multipleQueriesInTransaction([ 
                    "DELETE FROM grouppquota WHERE groupid IN (%s) AND printerid IN (%s)" \
                                 % (groupids, printerids),])
        
    def deleteUserPQuota(self, upquota) :    
        """Completely deletes an user print quota entry from the database."""
        for q in [ 
                    "DELETE FROM jobhistory WHERE userid=%s AND printerid=%s" \
                                 % (self.doQuote(upquota.User.ident), self.doQuote(upquota.Printer.ident)),
                    "DELETE FROM userpquota WHERE id=%s" % self.doQuote(upquota.ident),
                  ] :
            self.doModify(q)
        
    def deleteGroupPQuota(self, gpquota) :    
        """Completely deletes a group print quota entry from the database."""
        for q in [ 
                    "DELETE FROM grouppquota WHERE id=%s" % self.doQuote(gpquota.ident),
                  ] :
            self.doModify(q)
        
    def deleteGroup(self, group) :    
        """Completely deletes a group from the database."""
        for q in [
                   "DELETE FROM groupsmembers WHERE groupid=%s" % self.doQuote(group.ident),
                   "DELETE FROM grouppquota WHERE groupid=%s" % self.doQuote(group.ident),
                   "DELETE FROM groups WHERE id=%s" % self.doQuote(group.ident),
                 ] :  
            self.doModify(q)
            
    def deletePrinter(self, printer) :    
        """Completely deletes a printer from the database."""
        for q in [ 
                    "DELETE FROM printergroupsmembers WHERE groupid=%s OR printerid=%s" % (self.doQuote(printer.ident), self.doQuote(printer.ident)),
                    "DELETE FROM jobhistory WHERE printerid=%s" % self.doQuote(printer.ident),
                    "DELETE FROM grouppquota WHERE printerid=%s" % self.doQuote(printer.ident),
                    "DELETE FROM userpquota WHERE printerid=%s" % self.doQuote(printer.ident),
                    "DELETE FROM printers WHERE id=%s" % self.doQuote(printer.ident),
                  ] :
            self.doModify(q)
            
    def deleteBillingCode(self, code) :    
        """Completely deletes a billing code from the database."""
        for q in [
                   "DELETE FROM billingcodes WHERE id=%s" % self.doQuote(code.ident),
                 ] :  
            self.doModify(q)