root / pykota / trunk / README @ 3481

# $Id$

PyKota - Print Quotas for CUPS

(c) 2003-2009 Jerome Alet <alet@librelogiciel.com>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

====================================================================

READ SPECIAL LICENSING AND REDISTRIBUTION TERMS IN THE FILE 'LICENSE'

====================================================================

PyKota features :
-----------------

        http://www.pykota.com/software/pykota/features/

====================================================================

Planned features are described in the TODO file.

Actually three (or an infinity of) page accounting methods are
implemented :

  - The 'hardware' method consists in querying the printer (via SNMP
    or Netatalk or any other method of your choice) for its internal
    pages counter.
    This is done both at the beginning and at the end of a
    print job. The counters difference is then used to
    decrease the user's account balance or increase his quota usage.

  - The 'software' method consists in delegating the computation of the
    job's size in number of pages to any external command of your choice.
    The command can read the job's data from its standard input and MUST
    output the job's size on its standard output. Changes to the user
    account are reported immediately. PyKota by default internally
    uses the code from pkpgcounter which can handle a large number
    of Page Description Languages, and can parse documents produced
    either by GhostScript or by a number of native printer drivers.
    Of course this means you have to install pkpgcounter if you want to
    use the default PDL parser.
    An up-to-date list of supported Page Description Languages and their
    level of support is available from :

      http://www.pykota.com/software/pkpgcounter/

  - The 'ink' method consists in using pkpgcounter's code to compute
    how much of each page is covered by ink in each color of a particular
    colorspace chosen between CMYK, CMY, RGB, and BW (grayscale).
    These values are then summed up together and multiplied by a set
    of coefficients defined in PyKota's configuration files.

PyKota is known to work with most printers, excepted GDI ones (Windows
only). At least one of the accounting methods above should work
for you. If it's not the case, please report the problem : tell us
the exact brand and model of the printer, if possible the driver used,
and send some test files.

============================================================

SUPPORT CONTRACTS:
==================

  You can now purchase 8x5x365@NextBusinessDay Technical
  Support Contracts from us. The yearly fee is computed with
  the following formula :

  (100.0 * NbPrintServers) + (2.5 * NbPrinters) + (0.04 * NbUsers) EUROS.

  This fee includes the VAT, and a free subscription to Official
  PyKota packages.

  Please send an email to alet@librelogiciel.com if you're
  interested in purchasing such a contract.

  Remember that purchasing a support contract for Free Software like PyKota
  is a great way to show your appreciation for the work already being done
  on this project, and will help to improve this software in the future.

============================================================

INSTALLATION:
=============

NB :
====

  PyKota's documentation is available as DocBook SGML sources
  files in the pykota/docs directory. If you obtained an
  Official package, in the same directory you'll also find
  the documentation in HTML and PDF formats. Otherwise you
  have to compile it into HTML or PDF yourself by using
  the appropriate tools as installed on your system.

  PyKota's collaborative documentation is available from :

    http://www.pykota.com/wiki/

  You may learn more about PyKota, if it fits your own organization,
  its internal working, and some potential performance drawbacks and
  how to avoid them, in a document created by Ryan Suarez at :

    http://archive.macosxlabs.org/forum/webcrossing_archive/documentation/Pykota_and_CUPS/Pykota_and_CUPS.html

  You may also find the following document interesting :

    http://es.tldp.org/Tutoriales/doc-openldap-samba-cups-python/

  This document, written in Spanish by Sergio Gonzalez Gonzalez,
  describes the integration of PyKota into an OpenLDAP + Samba
  + CUPS installation. Even for people who can't read spanish
  this document is really interesting, and contains lots of
  screenshots.


Prerequisite :
--------------

  See :

    http://www.pykota.com/wiki/Dependencies

  for an up-to-date list, or see below (maybe not up-to-date) :

  You need to have the following tools installed on the CUPS Server :

    - CUPS (http://www.cups.org). PyKota v1.27 requires CUPS v1.3.4 or higher.
    - Python v2.4 or higher (http://www.python.org)
    - eGenix' mxDateTime Python extension (http://www.egenix.com)
    - The pkpgcounter command line tool, version 1.56 or higher. This
      tool is now mandatory for PyKota to work.
      (http://www.pykota.com/software/pkpgcounter)
    - The pkipplib Python library (http://www.pykota.com/software/pkipplib)
    - The JAXML Python module to be able to dump datas in the XML format.
      (http://www.librelogiciel.com/software/)
    - The Python-PAM module if you need the pknotify command to be able
      to check usernames and passwords. (http://www.pangalactic.org/PyPAM)
    - The Python-SNMP module to query printers for their page counter.
      (http://pysnmp.sourceforge.net)
      IMPORTANT : version 3.4.2 or higher, preferably v4.x is now REQUIRED.
      Versions 2.x won't work.
    - The Python-OSD module to use the graphical print quota reminder.
      (http://repose.cx/pyosd/)
    - SNMP tools (specifically the snmpget command) if you prefer to
      use your own script to request query printers instead of PyKota's
      internal SNMP handling facilities, which is not recommended...
      (http://www.net-snmp.org). You probably don't need this.
    - Netatalk (specifically the pap command) if you plan to
      request your printer's lifetime page counter via AppleTalk.
      (http://netatalk.sourceforge.net). You probably don't need this.
    - The ReportLab Python module (http://www.reportlab.org) if you want
      to have PyKota generate nice banners, invoices or receipts in PDF for you.
    - The Python Imaging Library (aka PIL) module
      (http://www.pythonware.com/downloads) if you want to have PyKota
      generate nice banners, invoices or receipts in PDF for you.
    - PostgreSQL's PygreSQL Python extension and the PostgreSQL client
      libraries if you plan to use PostgreSQL as the database backend.
      (http://www.postgresql.org and http://www.pygreql.org)
 or
    - python-ldap Python module and the OpenLDAP client libraries
      if you plan to use an LDAP server as the database backend.
      (http://www.openldap.org and http://python-ldap.sourceforge.net)
 or
    - SQLite v3.2.7 and the SQLite libraries if you plan to use SQLite
      as the database backend (http://www.sqlite.org). You also need the
      PySQLite module v2.0.5 or higher (http://www.pysqlite.org)
 or
    - The MySQL-python bindings.
      IMPORTANT: If you are using MySQL 4.1, then MySQL-python must be
      version 1.2 or greater. Version 1.0 does not work correctly with 4.1.


  On Intel i386 architecture, and for performance reasons, it is
  suggested that you install the Python accelerator Psyco, available from :

      http://psyco.sourceforge.net

  Under Debian :

      $ apt-get install python-psyco

  Other architectures may be supported as well in the future, check
  this on Psyco's website.

  Installing Psyco is not mandatory, but may really speed the parsing
  of some print jobs. Don't install it if you don't want or don't have a
  supported architecture.

  You need to have the following tools installed on the database
  server :

    - PostgreSQL (http://www.postgresql.org)

  or

    - OpenLDAP, or any other LDAP server (http://www.openldap.org)

  or

    - SQLite, v3.2.7 or higher (http://www.sqlite.org).
      Beware : with SQLite the database server and the print
      servers MUST be the very same machine.

  or

    - MySQL 4.1 or higher. 5.x is recommended.

  This list of prerequisite software may change in the future, when
  PyKota will support more functionnalities you will be given
  alternatives.

  Of course the Print Server and the database server can be the
  very same machine if you've got a tiny network, or you can have
  multiple Print Servers all storing their quotas on the same database
  server if you've got a bigger network. (NB : with SQLite, the database
  can't be shared between several print servers)

Hint :
------

  - The Debian GNU/Linux distribution is to our knowledge the
    easiest distribution to install PyKota on, because almost all
    of PyKota dependencies are already included.
    We recommend you to use Debian's Etch distribution or
    more recent. PyKota works fine on Sarge, but some additional
    dependencies are missing in Sarge and have to be installed
    manually.

Then :
------

Download the latest PyKota version from the Subversion tree :

    $ svn co http://svn.pykota.com/pykota/trunk pykota

You can now check if the dependencies are correct by typing :

    $ python checkdeps.py

    An availability report for all the software needed by PyKota
    will be displayed : you'll have to install the missing
    software if you want PyKota to work correctly.

To install the software, just type :

    $ python setup.py install

You may need to be logged in with sufficient privileges (e.g. root)

If you use Debian or Ubuntu, and want to use PostgreSQL as the
database backend, just type :

    $ pksetup debian

or :

    $ pksetup ubuntu

and follow the instructions to install PyKota in interactive mode, then
skip the remaining of the section below.

Otherwise, you have to setup manually :

Create a system user for PyKota :

    $ adduser --system --group --home /etc/pykota --gecos PyKota pykota

Put the user your printing system is run as in the pykota system group :

    $ adduser lp pykota

    NB : on our system, the CUPS printing system runs as system user 'lp'.
    Please adapt this to your own system.

Go to the initscripts/ subdirectory of PyKota's sources, and choose
the appropriate storage backend for your configuration. Read carefully
the associated README file, modify the initialization script to
change the passwords, or, in the case of the LDAP backend, adapt it
to your own LDAP DIT, and execute the initialization script
to create an empty PyKota database. Upgrade scripts may be
provided as well. NB : if you use PostgreSQL, a good way to
make PyKota work first time is to modify PostgreSQL's pg_hba.conf
to allow the 'trust' database connection mode. However once PyKota
works it is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO CHANGE THIS TO A MORE SECURE
VALUE. Look at the SECURITY document, PyKota's Official documentation
and PostgreSQL's documentation for details on this subject.

Copy the conf/pykota.conf.sample and  conf/pykotadmin.conf.sample
sample configuration files to ~pykota/pykota.conf and
~pykota/pykotadmin.conf
The installation script usually copies these files into /usr/share/pykota

NB : You can move PyKota's configuration files elsewhere, they will
be searched first in user pykota's home directory, then in /etc/pykota.

You need to adapt these files to your own needs. Especially you may
have to create sections named after your own printers, and change
the administrator's email address which by default is
root@localhost. Read and try to understand these two very well
commented files, so that you'll encounter less problems later.

The rest of the installation depends on your printing system :

  - CUPS Printing System :

    Once and for all :

        Modify CUPS' cupsd.conf to make CUPS listen to 127.0.0.1:631
        INSTEAD OF to an unix domain socket, in addition to any
        external network interface CUPS might already be listening to.

        Create a symbolic link to the cupspykota backend
        in CUPS's backend directory :

          $ cd /usr/lib/cups/backend
          $ ln -s /usr/share/pykota/cupspykota cupspykota

        If you use CUPS v1.2 or higher, please do this as well :

          $ chmod 700 /usr/share/pykota/cupspykota

          This allows the cupspykota backend to support other
          backends which must be run as user root, like the
          lpd backend for example.

        Restart CUPS so that the new backend can be detected.

          $ /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

          for example under Debian, or any similar command depending
          on your operating system of choice.

    For new printers :

        Go to CUPS management interface (http://localhost:631)
        and choose the appropriate PyKota managed device depending
        on the type of printer you use. For example, if your
        printer is waiting on :

            socket://myprinter.example.com:9100

        Then choose :

            cupspykota:socket://myprinter.example.com:9100

        Configure your printer as usual.

        Now double check /etc/pykota/pykota.conf

        You should manually create a section named after the
        printer you've just added, unless you have set
        all options globally.

        The new pkturnkey command can help you with correct settings
        for your printers. To have pkturnkey give you some hints
        about what to put into pykota.conf for a particular
        print queue, just use its --doconf command line switch :

          $ pkturnkey --doconf TheNameOfThePrintQueue

        pkturnkey will try to tell you what is the best accounting
        method for each printer and will print some lines you'll
        just have to copy&paste in the appropriate sections in
        /etc/pykota/pykota.conf

        For more informations about what pkturnkey can do for you,
        see pkturnkey's manual page or use the --help command
        line switch :

          $ pkturnkey --help | less

        That's all.

    For existing print queues :

        You want to route the print queue through PyKota,
        and you can do this in several manners.

          $ pkprinters --add --cups TheNameOfThePrintQueue

        or

          if your printer's DeviceURI is something like :

              socket://myprinter.example.com:9100

          then you can do this :

          $ pkprinters --add TheNameOfThePrintQueue
          $ lpadmin -p TheNameOfThePrintQueue \
                    -v cupspykota://socket://myprinter.example.com:9100

        Finally, you could do it manually by modifying the
        the DeviceURI lines in /etc/cups/printers.conf :
        You would have to preprend 'cupspykota://' in front
        of what is already on these lines. For example, replace :

            DeviceURI socket://myprinter.example.com:9100

        with :

            DeviceURI cupspykota://socket://myprinter.example.com:9100

        or :

            DeviceURI cupspykota://socket://myprinter.example.com:9100

        Save the file and restart CUPS for the changes to take effect.

        Here too, you may find it interesting to use the pkturnkey command as
        described above to help with manual configuration of the file
        /etc/pykota/pykota.conf

Now you can begin to populate the PyKota's database with printers,
users and groups :

Add printers and users to the quota system and set their quota values :

You can either use pkturnkey, or do the same things manually by
using the pkprinters, pkusers and edpykota command line tools :

Create printers :

    $ pkprinters --help

    will tell you how to create, manage or delete printers and
    printers groups.

    $ pkprinters --add --charge 0.05 hp2100

    would add the printer named hp2100 with a price per page
    of 0.05 unit.

Create users :

    $ pkusers --add --limitby balance --balance 10.0 jerome

    would create user jerome and give him ten credits to spend
    on any printer.

Finally create print quota entries :

    $ edpykota --add --printer hp2100 john paul george ringo

    This will create print quota entries for The Beatles on
    printer hp2100. The print quota entry holds the number of
    pages printed on a particular printer for a particular
    user, as well as optional page limits to be used instead
    of balance limits. See pkusers and edpykota's manual
    pages for details.

Your users now should be able to print but not exceed their
printing quota.

To see printer quota usage on printer hp2100, you can use :

    $ repykota --printer hp2100

or :

    $ repykota

    which will print quota usage for all users on all printers,
    along with totals, if you are a PyKota Administator. If you are
    a regular user, only your own quota report will be produced.

You can also use these commands :

    $ pkusers --list
    $ edpykota --list

    $ pkusers --list john paul george ringo
    $ edpykota --list --printer hp2100 john paul george ringo

Quota reports are also available remotely by using the CGI script
printquota.cgi provided in the cgi-bin/ subdirectory. You can
also use the CSS stylesheet present in the stylesheets/ subdirectory
and put it at your web server's DocumentRoot, to benefit from a nicer
look, especially quota violations will appear in different colors.

For additionnal security concerns, please give a look at the SECURITY
file which is part of this software.

To diagnose a problem when something doesn't work as expected,
please read this FAQ entry :

  http://otrs.librelogiciel.com/otrs/public.pl?ID=2

============================================================

Mailing lists :
---------------

  A mailing list is dedicated to PyKota, you can subscribe to it
  or consult its archives at :

    http://lists.pykota.com/mailman/listinfo/pykota

  This mailing list is the preferred way to obtain support, because
  all members can help and can also benefit from the solutions
  proposed by other members.

  Another mailing list, dedicated to developers, is available from :

    http://lists.pykota.com/mailman/listinfo/pykota-devel

  In this mailing list you can discuss implementation details, bugs,
  ideas, and so on. All commit messages are also sent to this list.

  Posts by non-members are rejected.

  The mailing lists language is english and only english.

IRC :
-----

  You can also chat with us :

        /server irc.freenode.net
        /join #pykota

  Preferred language on this channel is english, but french
  is also accepted. Try to avoid exposing complex problems
  in french because english speaking people on the channel
  wouldn't benefit from the solutions.

  PyKota's main author is known as 'tamere' on IRC.

Bug Tracker :
-------------

  You can report bugs to our bug tracker on the development website
  at :

      http://trac.pykota.com